As an ecologically fragile region, the mass concentration of atmospheric particulate is an important indicator of ecological security. It is of great significance to study its temporal variation and influencing factors for environmental and ecological protection in this region. Based on the surface meteorological data from Gonghe County Meteorological Bureau and PM₁₀ mass concentration data at monitoring site of Hainan Prefecture Ecology and Environment Bureau in Qinghai Province from 2015 to 2020, the variation characteristics of PM₁₀ mass concentration and its influencing factors in the Gonghe Basin are analyzed. The results show that downward trend of PM₁₀ average mass concentration at annual time scale, in spring and winter is significant, while in autumn and summer it is insignificant. The average monthly distribution of PM₁₀ mass concentration presents a bi-modal pattern. In spring, PM₁₀ mass concentration remains high due to the combined influence of southeasterly and northwesterly wind-dominated, by which pollutants is transported horizontally to the Gonghe Basin. In winter when westerly wind prevail, PM₁₀ mass concentration is second. With the arrival of the rainy season in summer and autumn, southeastly wind prevails in the Gonghe Basin, and pollutant horizontal transport weakens, and PM₁₀ mass concentration is low. The monthly average PM₁₀ mass concentration is positively correlated with monthly average wind speed, especially, the PM₁₀ mass concentration reaches the highest in spring when wind speed becomes greater. The cold air activity is the main reason to cause PM₁₀ heavy pollution in the Gonghe Basin, and there are two paths of air mass influencing heavy pollution in the Gonghe Basin, one is from southwest, and the other is from west.